Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Carboxypeptidase A

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Cytochrome c

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

Myohemerythrin

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Oxyhemoglobin

Trypsin

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Myoglobin

B-DNA

Hemoglobin (1000)

Hemoglobin

Collagen

Ribonuclease S

Lysozyme (488)

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

Myoglobin Fold

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Lac Repressor

Hemoglobin S

Crambin

Cytochrome c (unbound)

DNA

Induced Lac Repressor

Lysozyme (512)

Z-DNA

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Deoxyhemoglobin

A-DNA

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Mycoplasma mycoides

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Coronavirus

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Kinetochore

RecA and DNA

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Lipid Droplets

Blood

HIV-Infected Cell

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Measles Virus Proteins

Coronavirus Life Cycle

Myelin

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Zika Virus

Influenza Vaccine

Escherichia coli

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Biosites: Nucleus

Influenza Virus

Poliovirus Neutralization

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Biosites: Cytoplasm

Biosites: Blood Plasma

HIV Vaccine

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Chloroplast

CytoSkeleton

Autophagy

Cellulose Synthase

HIV in Blood Plasma

Ebola Virus

Biosites: Muscle

Abiogenesis

Insulin Action

Respiratory Droplet

Immunological Synapse

Insulin Release

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine